Presenting Medical Statistics: Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 The use of statistics in research
1.2 Presenting medical statistics
1.3 This book
1.4 Final words

2 Introduction to the research process

2.1 Defining the research question
2.2 Writing a research protocol
2.3 Data collection
2.4 Transferring the data to computer
2.5 Data checking and cleaning
2.6 Using computer packages
2.7 Record keeping
2.8 Presenting results
2.9 When to seek help from a statistician

3 Writing a research protocol

3.1 The development cycle
3.2 Title
3.3 Aims of the research study
3.4 Primary and secondary aims
3.5 Study design
3.6 Sample size calculations
3.7 Plan of statistical analysis
3.8 Required approval for research
3.9 When applications fail

4 Writing up a research study

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Contents of each section of the report
4.3 Special circumstances

5 Introduction to presenting statistical analyses

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Presenting numerical data
5.3 Beginning the results section
5.4 Describing the results of the recruitment process
5.5 Assessing non-response bias
5.6 Presenting the results for different media
5.7 Drawing up a profile of a group of subjects
5.8 Drawing graphs
5.9 Using text to refer to tables and graphs
5.10 Presenting categorical data
5.11 Presenting continuous data

6 Single group studies

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Prevalence studies
6.3 Presenting the results of prevalence studies
6.4 Screening and diagnostic studies: Sensitivity and specificity
6.5 Presentation of sensitivity and specificity
6.6 Comment on results
6.7 Screening studies for rare conditions
6.8 Extensions to sensitivity and specificity
6.9 Further reading

7 Comparing two groups

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Graphical presentation of continuous unpaired data
7.3 Continuous unpaired data: The two-sample t test
7.4 Mann–Whitney U test
7.5 Comparing two proportions
7.6 Further reading

8 Analysing matched or paired data

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Continuous paired data: The paired t test
8.3 Non- Normal data
8.4 Matched case- control data
8.5 Matched cohort data
8.6 Further reading

9 Analysing relationships between variables

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Correlation
9.3 Regression
9.4 Further reading

10 Multifactorial analyses

10.1 Introduction
10.2 One-way analysis of variance
10.3 Multiple regression
10.4 Logistic regression

11 Survival analysis

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival rates
11.3 The logrank test
11.4 Cox regression
11.5 Further reading

12 Presenting a randomized controlled trial

12.1 Introduction to the CONSORT statement
12.2 The CONSORT checklist
12.3 Intention-to-treat analysis
12.4 Cluster randomized trials
12.5 Reporting guidelines for other study designs

13 Presenting a meta- analysis

13.1 Introduction to systematic reviews and meta-analysis
13.2 Statistics and meta-analysis
13.3 The PRISMA statement
13.4 Reviewing meta-analyses
13.5 Further reading

References
Index